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We propose a high-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol, byutilizing two-photon polarization-entangled Bell states and a few single-photonpolarization states as the information carriers, and we use the quantum densecoding method to improve its efficiency. In this protocol, each participantperforms one of four unitary operations to encode their sub-secret key on thepassing photons which contain two parts, the first quantum qubits of Bellstates and a small number of single-photon states. At the end of this protocol,based on very little information announced by other, all participants involvedcan deduce the same final shared key simultaneously. We analyze the securityand the efficiency of this protocol, showing that it has a high efficiency andcan resist both outside attacks and inside attacks. As a consequence, ourprotocol is a secure and efficient three-party quantum key agreement protocol.

High-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol with quantum dense coding and Bell states