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In non-destructive imaging the information about the spatial pattern of asamples interior has to be transferred to the sample surface by certain waves,e.g. ultrasound or electromagnetic waves. At the sample surface these waves canbe detected and the interior structure is reconstructed from the measuredsignals. The amount of information about the interior of the sample, which canbe gained from the detected waves on the sample surface, is essentiallyinfluenced by the propagation from its excitation to the surface. Scattering,dissipation, or diffusion causes entropy production and a loss of informationfor the propagating waves, and therefore results in a loss of resolution forimaging the interior structure. There have been made several attempts tocompensate these diffusive or dissipative effects to get a higher resolutionfor the reconstructed images of the samples interior. In this work it is shownthat thermodynamical fluctuations limit this compensation and therefore alsothe spatial resolution for non-destructive imaging at a certain depth islimited. We describe one example for diffusion and another one for dissipationand the loss of information is modeled by stochastic processes. For bothexamples the thermodynamic entropy production is equal to the loss ofinformation, which results in a theoretical limit for the achievable spatialresolution in the reconstructed image.

Information loss, entropy production and time reversal for dissipative and diffuse processes