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Compact blankets of free-floating plants generate stressful aquatic environments. The response of submerged macrophytes remains largely elusive. Will they rush toward the light or rather speed up reproductive efforts and escape using propagules—the macrophyte equivalent of lifeboats? We studied the effects of complete duckweed ( Lemna minor ) cover on growth and reproductive fitness of macroalga  Chara globularis  in a pond mesocosm experiment.  C. globularis  growing in  Lemna -covered plots lost biomass and developed longer internodes, indicating an elongative reflex to escape stress. Densities of reproductive organs per biomass unit evolved positively in open plots and negatively in covered plots, suggesting a trade-off between reproductive effort and vegetative elongation. Reproductive potential correlated significantly with incident radiation.  Lemna  cover, however, did not affect oospore rain—at least within the limited time span of propagule trapping.  C. globularis  thus displayed an ability to modify phenology in response to floating plant stress, allocating resources to internodes instead of gametangia. Nevertheless, duckweed dominance clearly suppressed the overall reproductive performance of  C. globularis . The regenerative capacity of many submerged macrophytes will likely suffer from increased floating plant dominance due to global warming—unless efforts are made to reduce nutrient levels in vulnerable waterbodies.

hydrobiologia

Trading offspring for survival: high duckweed cover decreases reproductive potential and stimulates elongation in the submerged macrophyte Chara globularis Thuillier