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Pond conservationTemporary ponds are seasonal wetlandsannually subjected to extreme and unstable ecologicalconditions, neither truly aquatic nor truly terrestrial.This habitat and its flora have been poorlystudied and documented because of the ephemeralcharacter of the flora, the changeable annual weatherthat has a great effect on the small, herbaceous taxaand the declining abundance of temporary ponds. Theobjectives of this study are: (a) to define plantcommunity diversity in terms of floristic composition of ephemeral wetlands in SW Portugal, (b) to identifytemporary pond types according to their vegetationcomposition and (c) to identify those ponds thatconfigure the European community priority habitat(3170* – Mediterranean temporary ponds).Vegetation sampling was conducted in 29 ponds,identifying 168 species grouped among 15 plantcommunities. Soil texture, pH, organic C and Ncontent were measured, but only N and percent ofclay appear to be related with the distribution of eachcommunity type. The results showed that ephemeralwetlands could be classified into four type: vernalpools, marshlands, deep ponds and disturbed wetlands.Vernal pools correspond to the Mediterraneantemporary ponds (3170*), protected as priority habitatunder the EU Habitats Directive. SubmersedIsoetes species (Isoetes setaceum and Isoetes velatum)represents, together with Eryngium corniculatum,the indicator species for vernal pools. Weidentify also indicator plant communities of thispriority habitat, namely I. setaceum and E. corniculatum–Baldellia ranunculoides plant communities. Inthis region, the conservation of temporary ponds hasso far been compatible with traditional agriculturalactivities, but today these ponds are endangered bythe intensification of agriculture and the loss oftraditional land use practices and by the developmentof touris

Plant communities as a tool in temporary ponds conservation in SW Portugal