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Maize is one of the three major crops worldwide based on its yield and quality. Starch is crucial to both the yield and quality of maize as it accounts more than 60% of the seed weight, and its structure influences the quality of the crop. Starch synthase I (SSI) contributes to the majority of the starch synthase activity in the maize endosperm. An in-depth understanding of the starch synthesis regulatory mechanism would provide opportunities for improving the yield and quality of maize. In this study,  ZmPLATZ2 , a plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factor related to starch synthesis, was selected based on co-expression analysis. The semiquantitative RT-PCR and qRT-PCR assays revealed that ZmPLATZ2 had a high expression in the endosperm, and reached the peak at 12 days after pollination (DAP). Different treatments demonstrated that ZmPLATZ2 was downregulated by the presence of sucrose. Subsequent transactivation and subcellular localization analyses showed that ZmPLATZ2 was localized in the nuclei without transactivation. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression in maize endosperm indicated that ZmPLATZ2 could bind to the promoters of  ZmSSI ,  ZmISA1 , and  ZmISA2  and increase their gene expression. After ZmPLATZ2 overexpression in rice, four starch synthesis genes were significantly upregulated in the transgenic plant, including the  OsSSI  gene. In vitro DAP-seq data showed that ZmPLATZ2 could bind to the C element. In conclusion, our data support that ZmPLATZ2 binds to the C element in the  ZmSSI  promoter and mediates the Glu signal pathway.

Transcription factor ZmPLATZ2 positively regulate the starch synthesis in maize