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Durum wheat  (T. turgidum L. var. durum)  is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crop in the Mediterranean area. Its production has been triggered by drought and rising temperature, both affecting the photosynthetic machinery. Rubisco is one of the most important enzymes in plants. Despite its major role in the control of carbon cycle it has a very low efficiency, which is restored by the action of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase (Rca), a protein belonging to the AAA +  family. The main objective of our work was to isolate and characterize  Rca  genes in durum wheat and determine their phylogeny with other main crops and model species. Besides a genetic and physical position of  Rca1  gene was allowed in a RIL mapping population previously developed. In silico analysis, performed in order to understand whether  Rca1  gene was differentially expressed under stress condition, highlighted that homoeologous  Rca1  genes have different expression levels especially after infections by  Zymoseptoria , powdrey mildew and fusarium. A deeper knowledge of  Rca  genes structures as well as a better understanding of their physiological role in durum wheat might be of greater importance in panning future modern breeding programs to improve crop yield in adverse environmental condition.

Characterization of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase activase (Rca) genes in durum wheat