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The paper aims to provide an explanation for the tiny value of thecosmological constant and the low vacuum energy density to represent the darkenergy. To accomplish this, we will search for a fundamental principle ofsymmetry in space-time by means of the elimination of the classical idea ofrest, by including an invariant minimum limit of speed in the subatomic world.Such a minimum speed, unattainable by particles, represents a preferredreference frame associated with a background field that breaks down the Lorentzsymmetry. The metric of the flat space-time shall include the presence of auniform vacuum energy density, which leads to a negative pressure atcosmological length scales. Thus, the equation of state for the cosmologicalconstant [$p$(pressure)$=- \epsilon$ (energy density)] naturally emerges fromsuch a space-time with an energy barrier of a minimum speed. The tiny values ofthe cosmological constant and the vacuum energy density will be successfullyobtained, being in agreement with the observational results of Perlmutter,Schmidt and Riess.

An explanation for the tiny value of the cosmological constant and the low vacuum energy density