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We perform real-time measurements of the net contact area between two blocksof like material at the onset of frictional slip. We show that the process ofinterface detachment, which immediately precedes the inception of frictionalsliding, is governed by three different types of detachment fronts. Thesecrack-like detachment fronts differ by both their propagation velocities and bythe amount of net contact surface reduction caused by their passage. The mostrapid fronts propagate at intersonic velocities but generate a negligiblereduction in contact area across the interface. Sub-Rayleigh fronts arecrack-like modes which propagate at velocities up to the Rayleigh wave speed,VR, and give rise to an approximate 10% reduction in net contact area. The mostefficient contact area reduction (~20%) is precipitated by the passage of slowdetachment fronts. These fronts propagate at anomalously slow velocities, whichare over an order of magnitude lower than VR yet orders of magnitude higherthan other characteristic velocity scales such as either slip or loadingvelocities. Slow fronts are generated, in conjunction with intersonic fronts,by the sudden arrest of sub-Rayleigh fronts. No overall sliding of theinterface occurs until either of the slower two fronts traverses the entireinterface, and motion at the leading edge of the interface is initiated. Slipat the trailing edge of the interface accompanies the motion of both the slowand sub-Rayleigh fronts. We might expect these modes to be important in bothfault nucleation and earthquake dynamics.Comment: 19 page, 5 figures, to appear in International Journal of Fractur

Crack-like processes governing the onset of frictional slip