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Morphological instability of a planar surface ([111], [011], or [001]) of anultra-thin metal film is studied in a parameter space formed by three majoreffects (the quantum size effect, the surface energy anisotropy and the surfacestress) that influence a film dewetting. The analysis is based on the extendedMullins equation, where the effects are cast as functions of the filmthickness. The formulation of the quantum size effect (Z. Zhang et al., PRL 80,5381 (1998)) includes the oscillation of the surface energy with thicknesscaused by electrons confinement. By systematically comparing the effects, theircontributions into the overall stability (or instability) is highlighted.

Interplay of Quantum Size Effect, Anisotropy and Surface Stress Shapes the Instability of Thin Metal Films