English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In this paper we advance physical background of the energy- and flux-budgetturbulence closure based on the budget equations for the turbulent kinetic andpotential energies and turbulent fluxes of momentum and buoyancy, and a newrelaxation equation for the turbulent dissipation time-scale. The closure isdesigned for stratified geophysical flows from neutral to very stable andaccounts for the Earth rotation. In accordance to modern experimental evidence,the closure implies maintaining of turbulence by the velocity shear at anygradient Richardson number Ri, and distinguishes between the two principallydifferent regimes: "strong turbulence" at Ri << 1 typical of boundary-layerflows and characterised by the practically constant turbulent Prandtl number;and "weak turbulence" at Ri > 1 typical of the free atmosphere or deep ocean,where the turbulent Prandtl number asymptotically linearly increases withincreasing Ri (which implies very strong suppression of the heat transfercompared to the momentum transfer). For use in different applications, theclosure is formulated at different levels of complexity, from the localalgebraic model relevant to the steady-state regime of turbulence to ahierarchy of non-local closures including simpler down-gradient models,presented in terms of the eddy-viscosity and eddy-conductivity, and generalnon-gradient model based on prognostic equations for all basic parameters ofturbulence including turbulent fluxes.

A hierarchy of energy- and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure models for stably stratified geophysical flows