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Galactic winds are a key physical mechanism for understanding galaxyformation and evolution, yet empirical and theoretical constraints for thecharacter of winds are limited and discrepant. Recent empirical models findthat local star-forming galaxies have a deficit of oxygen that scales withgalaxy stellar mass. The oxygen deficit provides unique empirical constraintson the magnitude of mass loss, composition of outflowing material and metalreaccretion onto galaxies. We formulate the oxygen deficit constraints so theymay be easily implemented into theoretical models of galaxy evolution. Weparameterize an effective metal loading factor which combines the uncertaintiesof metal outflows and metal reaccretion into a single function of galaxy virialvelocity. We determine the effective metal loading factor by forward-fittingthe oxygen deficit. The effective metal loading factor we derive has importantimplications for the implementation of mass loss in models of galaxy evolution.

Empirical Constraints for the Magnitude and Composition of Galactic Winds