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The time series of total solar irradiance (TSI) satellite observations since1978 provided by ACRIM and PMOD TSI composites are studied. We find empiricalevidence for planetary-induced forcing and modulation of solar activity. Powerspectra and direct data pattern analysis reveal a clear signature of the1.09-year Earth-Jupiter conjunction cycle, in particular during solar cycle 23maximum. This appears to suggest that the Jupiter side of the Sun is slightlybrighter during solar maxima. The effect is observed when the Earth crosses theSun-Jupiter conjunction line every 1.09 years. Multiple spectral peaks areobserved in the TSI records that are coherent with known planetary harmonicssuch as the spring, orbital and synodic periods among Mercury, Venus, Earth andJupiter: the Mercury-Venus spring-tidal cycle (0.20 year); the Mercury orbitalcycle (0.24 year); the Venus-Jupiter spring-tidal cycle (0.32 year); theVenus-Mercury synodic cycle (0.40 year); the Venus-Jupiter synodic cycle (0.65year); and the Venus-Earth spring tidal cycle (0.80 year). Strong evidence isalso found for a 0.5-year TSI cycle that could be driven by the Earth'scrossing the solar equatorial plane twice a year and may indicate a latitudinalsolar-luminosity asymmetry. Because both spring and synodic planetary cyclesappear to be present and the amplitudes of their TSI signatures appear enhancedduring sunspot cycle maxima, we conjecture that on annual and sub-annual scalesboth gravitational and electro-magnetic planet-sun interactions and internalnon-linear feedbacks may be modulating solar activity. Gravitational tidalforces should mostly stress spring cycles while electro-magnetic forces couldbe linked to the solar wobbling dynamics, and would mostly stress the synodiccycles.

Empirical evidences for a planetary modulation of total solar irradiance and the TSI signature of the 1.09-year Earth-Jupiter conjunction cycle