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This study aimed to investigate the effect of AOPPs on apoptosis in human chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were treated with AOPPs. Cell death, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the expression of apoptotic proteins were detected in vitro. AOPPs levels were detected by colorimetric method. The results in vitro demonstrated that AOPPs induced cell death in human chondrocyte through a redox-dependent pathway, including RAGE-mediated, NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation. Targeting AOPPs-induced cellular mechanisms might emerge as a promising therapeutic option for patients with RA.

apoptosis

Retraction Note to: Advanced oxidation protein products induce chondrocyte death through a redox-dependent, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated pathway