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Different strategies to account for the heat and mass transfer between liquid droplets and their carrier phase within the Artificially Thickened Flame (ATF) approach are analyzed and compared. Herein, two approaches are introduced to take into account the droplet movement relative to the thickened flame front orientation. While the first approach achieves this behavior through scalar modifications in the droplet temperature and mass evolution equations, the second one introduces a trajectory modification within the thickened flame front. Both approaches, referred to as projection and refraction correction, are first compared to state of the art methods in a simplified two-dimensional configuration, and then in a complex turbulent spray flame. The investigated spray flame corresponds to the operating condition EtF6 of the Sydney Spray Burner. The analysis showed that: (1) A consideration of a simplified configuration is insufficient to fully uncover the performance of the different approaches. (2) While the proposed approaches performed best in the two-dimensional configuration, only the projection method outperforms the remaining ones in the turbulent spray flame. (3) The formulation to consider the flame thickening has a strong effect on global flame properties, combustion regime distribution as well as carrier and liquid phase statistics.

Influence of Thickening Factor Treatment on Predictions of Spray Flame Properties Using the ATF Model and Tabulated Chemistry