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Placing a round obstacle above the orifice of a flat hopper discharginguniform frictional discs has been experimentally and numerically shown in theliterature to create a local peak in the gravity-driven hopper flow rate. Usingfrictionless molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that the local peakis unrelated to the interparticle friction, the particle dispersity, and theobstacle geometry. We then construct a probabilistic Tetris-like model, whereparticles update their positions according to prescribed rules rather than inresponse to forces, and show that Newtonian dynamics are also not responsiblefor the local peak. Finally, we propose that the local peak is caused by aninterplay between the flow rate around the obstacle, greater than the maximumwhen the hopper contains no obstacle, and a slow response time, allowing theoverflowing particles to converge well upon reaching the hopper orifice.

Understanding the Local Flow Rate Peak of a Hopper Discharging Discs through an Obstacle Using a Tetris-like Model