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Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) allows to measure the distances between electron spin centers and, in favorable cases, their relative orientation. This data is frequently used in structural biology for studying biomolecular structures, following their conformational changes and localizing paramagnetic centers within them. In order to extract the inter-spin distances and the relative orientation of spin centers from the primary, time-domain PDS signals, a specialized data analysis is required. So far, the software to do such analysis was available only for isotropic  S  = 1/2 spin centers, such as nitroxide and trityl radicals, as well as for high-spin Gd 3+  and Mn 2+  ions. Here, a new data analysis program, called AnisoDipFit, was introduced for spin systems consisting of one isotropic and one anisotropic  S  = 1/2 spin centers. The program was successfully tested on the PDS data corresponding to the spin systems Cu 2+ /organic radical, low-spin Fe 3+ /organic radical, and high-spin Fe 3+ /organic radical. For all tested spin systems, AnisoDipFit allowed determining the inter-spin distance distribution with a sub-angstrom precision. In addition, the spatial orientation of the inter-spin vector with respect to the  g -frame of the metal center was determined for the last two spin systems. Thus, this study expands the arsenal of the PDS data analysis programs and facilitates the PDS-based distance and angle measurements on the highly relevant class of metolloproteins.

AnisoDipFit: Simulation and Fitting of Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy Data for Anisotropic Spin Centers