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Mechanical characterization of shale-like rocks requires understanding thescaling of the measured properties to enable the extrapolation from small scalelaboratory tests to field study. In this paper, the size effect of Marcellusshale was analyzed, and the fracture properties were obtained through sizeeffect tests. A number of fracture tests were conducted on Three-Point-Bending(TPB) specimens with increasing size. Test results show that the nominalstrength decreases with increasing specimen size, and can be fitted well byBazant's Size Effect Law (SEL). It is shown that SEL accounts for the effectsof both specimen size and geometry, allowing an accurate identification of theinitial fracture energy of the material, Gf, and the effective Fracture ProcessZone (FPZ) length, cf. The obtained fracture properties were verified by thenumerical simulations of the investigated specimens using standard FiniteElement technique with cohesive model. Significant anisotropy was observed inthe fracture properties determined in three principal notch orientations:arrester, divider, and short-transverse. The size effect of the measuredstructural strength and apparent fracture toughness was discussed. Neitherstrength-based criterion which neglects size effect, nor classic LEFM whichdoes not account for the finiteness of the FPZ can predict the reported sizeeffect data, and nonlinear fracture mechanics of the quasibrittle type isinstead applicable.

Characterization of Marcellus Shale Fracture Properties through Size Effect Tests and Computations