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List of symbols a Length of the notch A The cross-sectional area of bars Ac The total area of the newly created crack surfaces B Thickness of disc specimen C P-wave velocity of the bars E Young’s modulus of bars Em Young’s modulus of the specimen Gc Average propagation fracture energy K Kinetic energy carried in the two fragments KI(t) Time-varying mode-I SIF K IC Dynamic fracture initiation toughness K IC Average dynamic fracture propagation toughness _ KI Loading rate P1, P2 Loading force on the incident and transmitted end of the specimen P(t) The time-varying loading force R Radius of disc specimen S Distance between the two supporting pins Wi, Wr, Wt Incidental, reflected and transmitted energy WG The energy consumed to create new crack surfaces Y(a/R) The dimensionless geometric function of the NSCB specimen ei, er, et The incident, reflected and transmitted strains on bars e The time-resolved strain induced by the stress wave in the bar m Poisson’s ratio of the specimen DW Total energy absorbed by the NSCB specimen

rock mechanics and rock engineering

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Determination of Dynamic Fracture Parameters of Westerly Granite Using the Notched Semi-circular Bend Technique in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing