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Meteor radar measurements of winds near 95 km\udin four azimuth directions from the geographic South Pole are analyzed to reveal\udcharacteristics of the 12-h oscillation with zonal wavenumber one (s=1).\udThe wind measurements are confined to the periods from 19 January 1995 through\ud26 January 1996 and from 21 November 1996 through 27 January 1997. The 12-h s=1\udoscillation is found to be a predominantly summertime phenomenon, and is\udreplaced in winter by a spectrum of oscillations with periods between 6 and 11.5\udh. Both summers are characterized by minimum amplitudes (5–10 ms–1)\udduring early January and maxima (15–20 ms–1) in November and late\udJanuary. For 10-day means of the 12-h oscillation, smooth evolutions of phase of\udorder 4–6 h occur during the course of the summer. In addition, there is\udconsiderable day-to-day variability (±5–10 ms–1 in amplitude) with\uddistinct periods (i.e., ~5 days and ~8 days) which suggests modulation by\udplanetary-scale disturbances. A comparison of climatological data from Scott\udBase, Molodezhnaya, and Mawson stations suggests that the 12-h oscillation near\ud78°S is s=1, but that at 68°S there is probably a mixture between s=1\udand other zonal wavenumber oscillations (most probably s=2). The\udmechanism responsible for the existence of the 12-h s=1 oscillation has\udnot yet been identified. Possible origins discussed herein include in situ\udexcitation, nonlinear interaction between the migrating semidiurnal tide and a\udstationary s=1 feature, and thermal excitation in the troposphere. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics ·\udMiddle atmosphere dynamics · Thermospheric dynamics · Waves and tide

The summertime 12-h wind oscillation with zonal wavenumber &lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt; = 1 in the lower thermosphere over the South Pole

The summertime 12-h wind oscillation with zonal wavenumber <i>s</i> = 1 in the lower thermosphere over the South Pole