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This article investigates through numericalexperiments the controversial question of the impact of El Niño-SouthernOscillation (ENSO) phenomena on climate according to large-scale andregional-scale interhemispheric thermal contrast. Eight experiments (twoconsidering only inversed Atlantic thermal anomalies and six combining ENSO warmphase with large-scale interhemispheric contrast and Atlantic anomaly patterns)were performed with the Météo-France atmospheric general circulation model.The definition of boundary conditions from observed composites and principalcomponents is presented and preliminary results concerning the month of August,especially over West Africa and the equatorial Atlantic are discussed. Resultsare coherent with observations and show that interhemispheric and regional scalesea-surface-temperature anomaly (SST) patterns could significantly modulate theimpact of ENSO phenomena: the impact of warm-phase ENSO, relative to theatmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP) climatology, seems strongerwhen embedded in global and regional SSTA patterns representative of thepost-1970 conditions [i.e. with temperatures warmer (colder) than the long-termmean in the southern hemisphere (northern hemisphere)]. Atlantic SSTAs may alsoplay a significant role

Global atmospheric response to specific linear combinations of the main SST modes. Part I: numerical experiments and preliminary results