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We present a comparison of the observed\udbehavior of the F region ionosphere over Millstone Hill during the\udgeomagnetically quiet and storm period on 16-23 March, 1990, with numerical\udmodel calculations from the time-dependent mathematical model of the Earth's\udionosphere and plasmasphere. The effects of vibrationally excited N2(v)\udand O2(v) on the electron density and temperature are studied\udusing the N2(v) and O2(v) Boltzmann and non-Boltzmann\uddistribution assumptions. The deviations from the Boltzmann distribution for the\udfirst five vibrational levels of N2(v) and O2(v)\udwere calculated. The present study suggests that these deviations are not\udsignificant at vibrational levels v = 1 and 2, and the calculated\uddistributions of N2(v) and O2(v) are highly\udnon-Boltzmann at vibrational levels v > 2. The N2(v)\udand O2(v) non-Boltzmann distribution assumption leads to the\uddecrease of the calculated daytime NmF2 up to a factor of 1.44 (maximum value)\udin comparison with the N2(v) and O2(v)\udBoltzmann distribution assumption. The resulting effects of N2(v\ud> 0) and O2(v > 0) on the NmF2 is the decrease of the\udcalculated daytime NmF2 up to a factor of 2.8 (maximum value) for Boltzmann\udpopulations of N2(v) and O2(v) and up to a\udfactor of 3.5 (maximum value) for non-Boltzmann populations of N2(v)\udand O2(v) . This decrease in electron density results in the\udincrease of the calculated daytime electron temperature up to about 1040-1410 K\ud(maximum value) at the F2 peak altitude giving closer agreement between the\udmeasured and modeled electron temperatures. Both the daytime and nighttime\uddensities are not reproduced by the model without N2(v > 0)\udand O2(v > 0) , and inclusion of vibrationally excited N2\udand O2 brings the model and data into better agreement. The effects\udof vibrationally excited O2 and N2 on the electron density\udand temperature are most pronounced during daytime. Key words: Ionosphere (ion chemistry and composition;\udionosphere-atmosphere interactions; ionospheric disturbances

The role of vibrationally excited nitrogen and oxygen in the ionosphere over Millstone Hill during 16-23 March, 1990