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Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes and often induced by chemotherapy. Recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) is a cytokine that can stimulate thrombopoiesis and is commonly used to treat thrombocytopenia. We observed the side effects of rhIL-11 in 24 leukemia patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. To determine the cardiovascular effects of rhIL-11, we detected changes in the patients' serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood pressure fluctuations, weight change, and whether edema or heart failure occurred in leukemia patients after chemotherapy. The results showed that BNP was significantly elevated after using rhIL-11 (P &lt; 0. 05) but regressed after 2-4 days. Furthermore, nine patients had edema and experienced weight gain, and four experienced acute left heart failure. In addition, the average blood pressure was 119/75 mmHg (range 139/86 mmHg to 99/64 mmHg) before rhIL-11 administration and 127/79 mmHg (range 146/89 mmHg to 108/69 mmHg) after rhIL-11 use. In conclusion, although rhIL-11 is useful for treating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, it is important to monitor the patients' clinical status and re-examine BNP levels frequently during the use of rhIL-11. Furthermore, senile patients should be given special attention. However, the appropriate timing to begin and discontinue rhIL-11 treatment needs further investigation.

Elevated BNP caused by recombinant human interleukin-11 treatment in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia