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Macrophages as a principal component of immune system play an important role in the initiation, modulation, and final activation of immune response against pathogens including schistosomes. Classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation states of macrophage have different functions during infections. Previously, we report that the schistosomal-derived anti-inflammatory molecule coding gene (named Sj16) was isolated and the recombinant Sj16 (rSj16) was expressed in Escherichia coli. rSj16 has been demonstrated to have definite anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro on rodent model. To study the molecular basis on anti-inflammatory of rSj16, in the present paper, we investigate the effects of rSj16 on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated RAW264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. We found that rSj16 inhibited LPS-induced activation of RAW264.7, as evidenced by impacting the proliferation, phagocytosis, and migration of the RAW264.7. After pretreated with rSj16, it showed the most potent inhibitory effects of rSj16 on the nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, rSj16 also significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α, whereas it increased the levels of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. rSj16 can also inhibit the LPS-induced activation of NF-κβ. These results further imply that Sj16 contributes to the immune evasion of Schistosoma japonicum through alternatively activated macrophage (M2), and rSj16 is expected to serve as a potential drug source for the medication of inflammatory disorders.

Effects of a recombinant schistosomal-derived anti-inflammatory molecular (rSj16) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated RAW264.7