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Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) is a stress-inducible protein crucial in heme catabolism. The end products of its enzymatic activity possess anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardioprotective effects of Hmox1 were demonstrated in experimental models of myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, its importance in timely resolution of post-ischemic inflammation remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Hmox1 in the monocyte/macrophage-mediated cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of MI. Hmox1 knockout (Hmox1 −/− ) and wild-type (WT, Hmox1 +/+ ) mice were subjected to a permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Significantly lower incidence of left ventricle (LV) free wall rupture was noted between 3rd and 5th day after MI in Hmox1 −/−  mice resulting in their better overall survival. Then, starting from 7th until 21st day post-MI a more potent deterioration of LV function was observed in Hmox1 −/−  than in the surviving Hmox1 +/+  mice. This was accompanied by higher numbers of Ly6C hi  monocytes in peripheral blood, as well as higher expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and adhesion molecules in the hearts of MI-operated Hmox1 −/−  mice. Consequently, a greater post-MI monocyte-derived myocardial macrophage infiltration was noted in Hmox1-deficient individuals. Splenectomy decreased the numbers of circulating inflammatory Ly6C hi  monocytes in blood, reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cardiac macrophages and significantly improved the post-MI LV function in Hmox1 −/−  mice. In conclusion, Hmox1 deficiency has divergent consequences in MI. On the one hand, it improves early post-MI survival by decreasing the occurrence of cardiac rupture. Afterwards, however, the hearts of Hmox1-deficient mice undergo adverse late LV remodeling due to overactive and prolonged post-ischemic inflammatory response. We identified spleen as an important source of these cardiovascular complications in Hmox1 −/−  mice.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00395-017-0629-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Splenic Ly6Chi monocytes contribute to adverse late post-ischemic left ventricular remodeling in heme oxygenase-1 deficient mice