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The influence of soil phosphorous (P) content on the N-cycling communities and subsequent effects on N 2 O emissions remains unclear. Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted on soils collected from a long-term (est. 1995) P-addition field trial sampled in summer 2018 and winter 2019. Incubations were treated with a typical field amendment rate of N as well as a C-amendment to stimulate microbial activity. Throughout both incubations, soil subsamples were collected prior to fertiliser amendment and then throughout the incubations, to quantify the abundance of bacteria (16S  rRNA ), fungi (ITS) and  Thaumarcheota  (16S  rRNA ) as well as functional guilds of genes involved in nitrification (bacterial and archaeal  amoA,  and comammox) and denitrification ( nirS  ,   nirK  ,   nosZ  clade I and II) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also evaluated the correlations between each gene abundance and the associated N 2 O emissions depending on P-treatments. Our results show that long-term P-application influenced N-cycling genes abundance differently. Except for comammox, overall nitrifiers’ genes were most abundant in low P while the opposite trend was found for denitrifiers’ genes. C and N-amendments strongly influenced the abundance of most genes with changes observed as soon as 24 h after application. ITS was the only gene correlated to N 2 O emissions in the low P-soils while microbes were mostly correlated to emissions in high P, suggesting possible changes in the organisms involved in N 2 O production depending on soil P-content. This study highlights the importance of long-term P addition on shaping the microbial community function which in turn stimulates a direct impact on the subsequent N emissions.

Linking long-term soil phosphorus management to microbial communities involved in nitrogen reactions