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We consider 3d N=1 M-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau fourfolds, andthe effective 3d theory of light modes obtained by reduction from elevendimensions. We study in detail the mass spectrum at the vacuum and, bydecoupling the massive multiplets, we derive the effective 3d N=1 theory in thelarge-volume limit up to quartic fermion terms. We show that in general it isan ungauged N=1 supergravity of the form expected from 3d supersymmetry. Inparticular the massless bosonic fields consist of the volume modulus and theaxions originating from the eleven-dimensional three-form, while themoduli-space metric is locally isometric to hyperbolic space. We consider theF-theory interpretation of the 3d N=1 M-theory vacua in the light of theF-theory effective action approach. We show that these vacua generally haveF-theory duals with circle fluxes, thus breaking 4d Poincar\'e invariance.

3d N=1 effective supergravity and F-theory from M-theory on fourfolds