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We calculate a number of observables related to particle-antiparticle mixingand the branching ratios for the most interesting rare and CP-violating K and Bdecays in the Standard Model (SM3) extended by a fourth generation of quarksand leptons (SM4). A model-independent parameterisation of these observables interms of gauge-independent functions is adopted, which is useful for studyingthe breaking of the universality between K, Bd and Bs systems throughnon-minimal flavour violating interactions. We calculate first the massdifferences Delta M_i in the neutral K and B system, the mixing-induced CPasymmetries S_{psi K_S}, S_{psi phi}, S_{phi K_S}, S_{eta' K_S} and epsilon_K.Subsequently, a detailed analysis of K^+ -> pi^+ nu nu, K_L -> pi^0 nu nu,B_{s,d} -> mu^+ mu^-, B -> X_{s,d} nu nu, K_L -> pi^0 l^+ l^-, B -> X_s gammaand B -> X_{s,d} l^+ l^- is presented, and also epsilon'/epsilon is considered.For some of these observables the departures from SM3 predictions can still bespectacular.  We discuss how the new mixing parameters (3 angles, 2 CP phases) can bedetermined using the flavour observables in question. We identify the differenthierarchical structures in the SM4 flavour mixing matrix, allowed byphenomenological and theoretical constraints, and define the correspondinggeneralised Wolfenstein expansion. Most importantly, we show how thecharacteristic patterns of correlations among the considered flavourobservables allow to distinguish this New Physics scenario from supersymmetricflavour models, the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity and the Randall-Sundrummodel with custodial protection.

Patterns of Flavour Violation in the Presence of a Fourth Generation of Quarks and Leptons