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In this work, we analyze a class of Yang-Mills models containing adjointHiggs fields, with SU(N) symmetry spontaneously broken down to Z(N), showingthey contain center vortices, Y-junctions formed by them, and junctions wheredifferent center vortices are smoothly interpolated by monopole-likeconfigurations.  In the context of dual superconductors, these objects represent differentstates of the gluon field. Center vortices confine quarks to form normal hadronstates. The interpolating monopole, which in our model cannot exist as anisolated configuration, is identified with a confined valence gluon. A junctioncontaining a monopole can bind quarks in a color nonsinglet state to form anoverall neutral object, identified with a hybrid hadron. These states, formedby quarks bound to a valence gluon, are allowed by QCD, and currentexperimental collaborations are aimed at identifying them. Finally, consideringthe general version of the model, based on a compact simple gauge group G, thepicture is completed with a heuristic discussion about why it would be naturalusing as G the dual of the chromoelectric gauge group G_e, and externalpointlike monopoles to represent the mesonic and baryonic Wilson loops.

Confinement of quarks and valence gluons in SU(N) Yang-Mills-Higgs models