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By finding rare (but not exponentially rare) large-angle deflections ofpartons within a jet produced in a heavy ion collision, or of such a jetitself, experimentalists can find the weakly coupled short-distance quark andgluon particles (scatterers) within the strongly coupled liquid quark-gluonplasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions. This is the closest one can cometo probing QGP via a scattering experiment and ultimately learning how astrongly coupled liquid emerges from an asymptotically free gauge theory. Theshort-distance, particulate, structure of liquid QGP can be revealed in eventsin which a jet parton resolves, and scatters off, a parton from the droplet ofQGP. The probability for picking up significant transverse momentum via asingle scattering was calculated previously, but only in the limit of infiniteparton energy which means zero angle scattering. Here, we provide a leadingorder perturbative QCD calculation of the Moli\`ere scattering probability forincident partons with finite energy, scattering at a large angle. We set up athought experiment in which an incident parton with a finite energy scattersoff a parton constituent within a "brick" of QGP, which we treat as if it wereweakly coupled, as appropriate for scattering with large momentum transfer, andcompute the probability for a parton to show up at a nonzero angle with someenergy. We include all relevant channels, including those in which the partonthat shows up at a large angle was kicked out of the medium as well as theRutherford-like channel in which what is seen is the scattered incident parton.The results that we obtain will serve as inputs to future jet Monte Carlocalculations and can provide qualitative guidance for how to use futureprecise, high statistics, suitably differential measurements of jetmodification in heavy ion collisions to find the scatterers within the QGPliquid.

Moli\`ere Scattering in Quark-Gluon Plasma: Finding Point-Like Scatterers in a Liquid