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Forests have a flood-reduction function that reduces flood peak flow and delays the flood peak time. In the mountains of Japan, artificial forests planted between the 1950s and 1970s are widespread; however, many of these forests are not well managed. The effective use of the flood-reduction function of forests as a remarkable approach for river basin management has been discussed for several years. In this study, two aspects of the water cycle in forests were explored: the interception evaporation process in the forest canopy and the groundwater storage process on the forest slope. A runoff model was applied to the hydrological data obtained in several forest basins with different characteristics to evaluate the effects of the processes. In the case of the Japanese cedar plantations studied, it was suggested that the improvement of interception evaporation capacity and surface storage capacity by conversion to mixed forests and selective logging would significantly reduce the peak flood discharge on a timescale of approximately 20–30 years.

Improvement of the Flood-Reduction Function of Forests Based on Their Interception Evaporation and Surface Storage Capacities